Basics & Benefits of ETFs : Understanding Liqudity
Exchange-traded funds offer the same level of liquidity as individual stocks. They can be bought and sold on stock exchanges at intraday prices at any time during market hours. Unlike common stocks or closed-end mutual funds, however, the liquidity of ETFs is not based on the trading volume of a finite number of shares, but on the liquidity of the constituent stocks in the index being tracked. This further enhances their liquidity potential, allowing for a risk-adjusted performance not available with either stocks or mutual funds.
ETF Structure Provides Two Levels of Liquidity
Exchange-traded funds offer unparalleled liquidity relative to mutual funds and stocks. This occurs at two levels:
- Market supply and demand. As with stocks, the natural trading of ETFs among individual investors and/or traders which takes place on the stock exchange during market hours provides one level of liquidity.
- Designated brokers. Designated brokers (DBs), who hold a contractual agreement with the ETF provider allowing them to trade directly with the fund, provide the second layer of liquidity. DBs also assist in maintaining an orderly market for the ETF by keeping the market price of the underlying portfolio of securities in line with the intraday net asset value of the ETF.
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